🐝 2D Honeycomb Cell Mechanics: Bending versus Stretching, Stiffness-to-Weight and Wall Buckling

Exact periodic beam-frame finite-element model of hexagonal, square and triangular cell lattices: why a honeycomb bends instead of stretching, Gibson-Ashby stiffness and strength scaling, wall buckling, densification and a sandwich panel compared with an equal-mass solid plate, with in-page numerical checks.