Renewable Hydrogen Supply Chain: Energy Cascade

Turning surplus wind or solar power into hydrogen and delivering it to a final user is not one step but a chain of energy conversions, and each link loses some of the original electricity as heat, compression work, or boil-off. This simulation renders that chain in 3D as a particle stream flowing through six real stages — renewable electricity, electrolysis, compression or liquefaction, transport, storage, and final reconversion — with the particle count and colour at each stage tracking the actual efficiency numbers published for PEM, alkaline and solid-oxide electrolyzers, 700-bar compression versus cryogenic liquefaction, pipeline versus truck transport, and fuel-cell versus turbine end use. Switching technology or distance recomputes every stage's loss live, so you can see directly why hydrogen's round-trip efficiency lands well below a battery's and where the largest single loss actually happens.