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🌿 Energy-Budget Predator-Prey Agent Model

A 3D individual-based ecosystem where every plant, prey and predator carries its own energy budget — eat, reproduce above threshold, starve at zero. Watch spatial refuges and trophic cascades emerge that the classic Lotka-Volterra equations can't show.

Energy & Thermodynamics3DAdvanced60 FPS

A 3D individual-based ecosystem: every plant, prey animal and predator is a separate agent tracking its own energy reserve, foraging within a local radius, reproducing above an energy threshold, and starving at zero — population cycles emerge from thousands of local decisions instead of a pair of smooth equations.

🔬 What It Demonstrates

Discrete energy budgets and short-range foraging produce spatial refuges, demographic noise, and real extinction events — dynamics the classic Lotka-Volterra differential equations can't represent.

🎮 How to Use

Tune plant growth rate, foraging radius, metabolism rate and simulation speed, then inject extra predators or prey to see how the three-level food chain responds.

💡 Did You Know?

Run this exact simulation twice from identical starting numbers and you can get a stable ecosystem in one run and a predator die-off in the other — pure demographic stochasticity from individual foraging luck.

⚙ Under the hood

ecosystem simulationagent based modelingpredator preyenergy budgettrophic cascadeindividual based modelThree.js

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install