Multi-Stage Flash Desalination Cascade

This simulator models a multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination train — the cascade of pressure-reduced chambers that has produced most of the world's large-scale desalinated water for decades. Heated brine flows down the train, and at every stage a slice of it flashes into vapor that condenses on a tube bundle preheating the incoming seawater, recovering latent heat before the fresh distillate is collected. Adjust the number of stages, the top brine temperature, the seawater intake temperature and the steam duty at the brine heater to see how they trade off against distillate output, the Gain Output Ratio (GOR) and specific energy consumption, with the 3D scene animating the flash-and-condense cycle stage by stage.