📈 Battery Impedance Spectroscopy: Randles Circuit, Nyquist Plot and Warburg Diffusion (2D Schematic)

A 2D bench for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of a lithium-ion cell: a frequency sweep builds the Nyquist plot of a Randles circuit with bounded Warburg diffusion, with current and voltage waves, swinging ions and temperature dependence, and four in-page numerical checks.