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Dark Energy & Cosmic Expansion

Interactive 3D simulation of dark-energy-driven cosmic expansion: watch a field of galaxies accelerate apart under the Friedmann equation, tune the matter density, dark-energy density and equation of state, and compare the resulting scale-factor curve against a matter-only universe with no dark energy.

Cosmology3DAdvanced60 FPS

In 1998, observations of distant Type Ia supernovae showed the universe isn't just expanding — it's expanding faster over time, a discovery that earned the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. This simulation integrates the Friedmann equation live: a field of galaxies is carried apart by a scale factor a(t) whose growth depends on the matter density, the dark-energy density and its equation of state w. Tune the sliders to see when expansion decelerates versus accelerates, and watch the inset graph compare your model's expansion history against a universe with no dark energy at all.

⚙ Under the hood

Interactive 3D simulation integrating the flat Friedmann equation live: a field of galaxies is carried apart by an evolving scale factor a(t) whose growth depends on the matter density, dark-energy density and equation of state w, with an inset graph comparing the resulting expansion history against a matter-only universe with no dark energy.

Three.jscosmologydark energyFriedmann equationexpansiongeneral relativity

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install