🧊 Glacier Albedo Lab: Surface Energy Balance, Dust Feedback, Degree Days and the Equilibrium Line

A valley glacier through one hydrological year: daily shortwave, longwave and turbulent fluxes in 17 elevation bands decide snow and ice melt, the dark ice shows through as the snow goes, and the equilibrium line climbs. Compare albedo, dust and warming effects and a degree-day model; checks cover daily insolation by numerical integration, Stefan-Boltzmann, the 334 kJ/kg latent heat and snowpack mass conservation.