Bragg Diffraction: X-Ray Crystallography

This simulator renders a stack of crystal lattice planes in 3D and fires a coherent X-ray beam at them at a controllable grazing angle. Each plane partially reflects the beam, and the reflected wavelets interfere according to the exact finite-plane-stack formula I(θ) = [sin(Nδ/2)/(N·sin(δ/2))]², where δ is the phase difference set by the path length 2d·sinθ relative to the wavelength λ. Tune the wavelength, plane spacing, incidence angle and number of contributing planes to watch the reflected beam brighten and dim exactly as Bragg's law nλ = 2d·sinθ predicts, snap directly to the nearest constructive-interference angle, or run an automatic θ-scan that traces the same peak pattern a real X-ray diffractometer records.