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Ionic Conductivity — Kohlrausch's Law of Electrolyte Solutions

Interactive 3D electrolyte cell: watch cations and anions drift between electrodes and see molar conductivity follow Kohlrausch's square-root law (strong electrolytes) or Ostwald's dilution law (weak electrolytes) in real time.

Chemistry & Materials3DModerate60 FPS📱 Mobile-adapted

This simulator places a real electrolyte cell in 3D: an ion-bearing solution between a cathode and an anode, with cations and anions migrating under an applied field exactly as they do in a conductivity measurement. Switching between a strong electrolyte (NaCl, fully dissociated at every concentration) and a weak one (acetic acid, governed by Ostwald's dilution law) shows two genuinely different physical regimes for how molar conductivity Λm depends on concentration — Kohlrausch's square-root law for the strong case, and a rising degree of dissociation α for the weak case. Concentration, temperature and voltage sliders drive live numeric readouts for Λm, α and the estimated cell current, plus a small Λm-vs-√c curve that plots exactly where the current state sits.

⚙ Under the hood

Watch cations and anions drift through an electrolyte cell under an applied field, and see how molar conductivity follows Kohlrausch's square-root law for a strong electrolyte (NaCl) or Ostwald's dilution law for a weak one (acetic acid).

electrochemistryconductivityelectrolytesphysical chemistryKohlrausch's law

3D · Three.js / WebGL renderer · 60 FPS target · runs fully client-side, no install