Batch Cooling Crystallization: Supersaturation, Nucleation & Growth (2D)

This simulator models a real batch cooling crystallizer in 2D cross-section: a solution charged saturated at a hot temperature is cooled at a controllable rate, pushing its dissolved concentration past the solubility curve into supersaturation. Above the metastable limit, classical-nucleation-theory kinetics spawn new crystals, existing crystals nucleate more by attrition when agitated, and every crystal grows by the size-independent McCabe ΔL law — draining dissolved solute and self-limiting the supersaturation that drives it. Toggle between an unseeded batch, where uncontrolled primary nucleation floods the vessel with fine crystals, and a seeded, gently cooled batch that grows a coarse, narrow crystal-size distribution, exactly the trade-off a process chemist manages on a real production line.