Penguin Huddle: Collective Thermoregulation (3D)

Emperor penguins survive Antarctic blizzards by huddling so densely that each bird's exposed-surface-area-to-volume ratio for heat loss collapses — the group behaves like one much larger "super-organism" with far less skin exposed per bird than any individual standing alone. This 3D model gives every penguin its own real exposed-perimeter geometry (how much of its circumference actually touches a neighbour) and its own heat-loss integral, then lets cold edge birds shuffle toward the interior — reproducing the documented slow rotational wave that keeps any single bird from staying on the cold windward edge too long.