💓 Atrial Electrical Chaos Mechanism Simulator

The SA Node as the Heart's Natural Pacemaker

Placeholder sentence: normal rhythm begins as one organized impulse.

• 60–100: Normal atrial rate (bpm placeholder)
• 1:1: Conduction (AV node placeholder)
• Present: P wave (ECG placeholder)
• ~99%: Regularity (placeholder metric)

Sinoatrial node pacing

Placeholder: SA node depolarizes and the wave spreads uniformly.

Pulmonary Vein Foci Igniting Extra Beats

Placeholder sentence: an ectopic focus near the pulmonary veins fires.

• Pulm. veins: Common trigger site (placeholder)
• PACs: Extra beats (placeholder)
• Paroxysmal: Onset (placeholder)
• Atrial stretch: Risk factor (placeholder)

Ectopic focus mechanism

Placeholder: rapid firing tissue overrides the SA node briefly.

Multiple Wavelet Reentry Circuits Forming

Placeholder sentence: spiral wavelets circle through atrial tissue.

• Moe 1959: Wavelet theory (placeholder)
• Multiple: Circuits (placeholder)
• Reentrant: Path (placeholder)
• Unstable: Stability (placeholder)

Reentry circuit formation

Placeholder: wavefronts loop back on refractory tissue edges.

Chaotic, Disorganized Atrial Electrical Activity

Placeholder sentence: coordinated contraction is lost entirely.

• 400–600: Atrial rate (bpm placeholder)
• Absent: P waves (fibrillatory placeholder)
• Quivering: Contraction (placeholder)
• Elevated: Clot risk (placeholder)

Fibrillatory conduction

Placeholder: countless mini-wavelets collide continuously.

AV Node Filtering Produces an Irregular Pulse

Placeholder sentence: ventricles beat irregularly despite atrial chaos.

• Partial: AV filtering (placeholder)
• Variable: Vent. rate (placeholder)
• Irregularly irregular: Pulse (placeholder)
• Lost: Atrial kick (placeholder)

Irregular ventricular conduction

Placeholder: only some impulses cross the AV node randomly.