Monitoring & Observability Best Practices
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of best practices for monitoring and observability, ensuring your systems are healthy and performing optimally.
Observability is the ability to understand the internal state of a system based on its external outputs – it’s about knowing *why* something happened.
1. Types of Metrics (Four Golden Signals)
The ‘Four Golden Signals’ represent a core approach to monitoring: Latency, Errors, Traffic, and Saturation.
These metrics provide a high-level view of system health and allow you to quickly identify potential problems before they impact users.
1. Prometheus Query Examples
Prometheus allows you to define custom business metrics using powerful query language, enabling targeted monitoring.
These examples demonstrate how to retrieve key performance indicators directly from your data.
Frequently asked questions
What is SLO-based alerting?
SLO-based alerting triggers alerts when a Service Level Objective (SLO) is at risk of being breached, ensuring proactive intervention to maintain performance.
What are SLI and SLO?
A Service Level Indicator (SLI) is a measurable metric like uptime or latency, while a Service Level Objective (SLO) defines the target value for that metric – for example, 99.9% uptime.
What is high cardinality and why should I avoid it?
High cardinality metrics have a large number of unique values for their labels, which can severely impact query performance and resource consumption. It's best to limit the use of high-cardinality labels.
How can I use a service mesh for monitoring?
A service mesh provides automated collection of metrics and traces, centralized logging aggregation, distributed tracing for request tracking, health checks for each service, and SLIs/SLOs for effective monitoring. It’s crucial to monitor inter-service communication and dependencies.
▶ Try it live
Everything above runs in your browser — open Hash Function Avalanche Visualizer and change the parameters while it is running. Nothing is installed, nothing is uploaded, the whole model lives in one tab.