Understanding Database Structure

Relational Database Model

The most common database model is the relational database. This structure organizes data into ‘tables’, where each table represents a specific entity (e.g., customers, products).

Each table consists of rows (records) and columns (fields), defining attributes for each entity. For example, a 'Customers' table might have columns like 'CustomerID', 'Name', 'Address', and 'PhoneNumber'.

Primary Keys and Foreign Keys

A ‘primary key’ uniquely identifies each row within a table. It ensures data integrity by preventing duplicate entries.

‘Foreign keys’ establish relationships between tables. A foreign key in one table references the primary key of another, linking related information (e.g., an order table referencing a customer's ID).

PK(table_name) – Unique identifier for rows.

Normalization

Database normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. It involves dividing large tables into smaller, more manageable ones.

The goal is to minimize data duplication while maintaining relationships between entities. Common normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) dictate specific rules for table structure.

SQL Basics

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the standard language used to interact with relational databases. It allows you to query, insert, update, and delete data.

Basic SQL commands include SELECT (retrieve data), INSERT (add new data), UPDATE (modify existing data), and DELETE (remove data).

SELECT * FROM Customers;

Frequently asked questions

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