Global Biodiversity - Species & Ecosystems

The Sixth Mass Extinction

Our planet is currently undergoing its sixth mass extinction event, a devastating trend directly linked to human activity. Scientists estimate that species are vanishing at an alarming rate – 100 to 1,000 times faster than the natural background rate of extinction.

This crisis has already impacted over 44,000 species, representing a staggering 27% of all mammal populations and 41% of amphibians. The primary drivers include habitat destruction, accelerating climate change, widespread pollution, unsustainable harvesting practices, and the introduction of invasive species.

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Frequently asked questions

How many species exist?

Scientists have currently identified approximately 2 million species across the globe, but estimates suggest there could be as many as 8 to 10 million in total. The vast majority of these species are insects, microorganisms, and those found within our oceans.

How many species are threatened?

Over 44,000 species have been listed as threatened with extinction by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, categorized as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. This represents a significant portion of mammal and amphibian populations, highlighting the severity of the situation.

What is the sixth mass extinction?

The current extinction crisis is being termed the 'sixth mass extinction,' primarily driven by human activities. Species are disappearing at rates 100 to 1,000 times faster than natural background levels, a stark contrast to previous extinctions caused by events like asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.

Which countries are most biodiverse?

Certain nations hold an extraordinary concentration of Earth’s biodiversity; Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, China, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and Madagascar are recognized as 'megadiverse countries.' These regions collectively harbor 70% of the world's species despite only covering 10% of the planet's land surface.

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