🔥 Laparoscopic Appendectomy Simulator

Trocar Port Placement

Placeholder: three small ports give camera and instrument access.

• 3: Typical port count (umbilical + two working)
• 5–12 mm: Port diameter (vs 6–10 cm open incision)
• 12–15: Pneumoperitoneum pressure (mmHg CO₂)
• <3 cm: Skin incision total (combined across ports)

Placeholder heading: port siting

Placeholder sentence describing trocar placement briefly.

Placeholder key insight about port placement.

Placeholder heading: pneumoperitoneum

Placeholder sentence about CO2 insufflation and visualization.

Mesoappendix Division

Placeholder: mesoappendix vessels sealed and divided sequentially.

• Appendiceal a.: Primary vessel (branch of ileocolic)
• Energy device: Sealing method (bipolar / ultrasonic)
• 10–20 min: Typical duration (this stage only)
• <20 mL: Blood loss (minimal invasive average)

Placeholder heading: vessel control

Placeholder sentence about sealing the appendiceal artery.

Placeholder key insight about mesoappendix division.

Placeholder heading: tissue plane

Placeholder sentence about freeing appendix from mesentery.

Appendiceal Stump Stapling

Placeholder: endoscopic stapler ligates and transects the base.

• Endo-GIA: Closure method (or Endoloop ligature)
• 3: Staple rows (staggered titanium rows)
• <1%: Stump leak rate (reported literature)
• Endoloop: Alternative (for simple appendicitis)

Placeholder heading: stapler firing

Placeholder sentence about stapling across the appendix base.

Placeholder key insight about stump security.

Placeholder heading: cecal margin

Placeholder sentence about preserving healthy cecal tissue.

Specimen Extraction

Placeholder: specimen bagged and pulled through an enlarged port.

• Endo-bag: Retrieval device (prevents wound contamination)
• Umbilical port: Extraction site (widened as needed)
• <3%: Wound infection risk (with bag use)
• Pathology: Specimen sent to (routine histology)

Placeholder heading: bag retrieval

Placeholder sentence about containing the specimen safely.

Placeholder key insight about contamination control.

Placeholder heading: closure

Placeholder sentence about closing fascia and skin ports.

Recovery vs Open Approach

Placeholder: laparoscopic recovery outpaces open appendectomy.

• 1–2 days: Hospital stay (lap) (vs 3–5 open)
• ~1 week: Return to work (lap) (vs 2–3 weeks open)
• ~3%: Wound infection (lap) (vs ~8% open)
• ~2 weeks: Full recovery (lap) (vs ~4 weeks open)

Placeholder heading: pain and mobility

Placeholder sentence comparing early postoperative pain.

Placeholder key insight about faster discharge.

Placeholder heading: long-term outcome

Placeholder sentence about scarring and hernia risk difference.