🩸 Haemodialysis Simulator

Dialyzer — countercurrent blood (red) vs dialysate (yellow)

Blood urea concentration C(t) over the session

Adequacy results

Dialyzer clearance K—

Kt/V achieved ——

Urea reduction ratio (URR)—

Final urea C(t)—

Elapsed session time—

Single-pool urea kinetics. The dialyzer clears solute by diffusion across a semipermeable membrane. Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions (countercurrent), maintaining a concentration gradient along the whole fibre length so extraction stays efficient. Clearance K = Q_b·(C_in − C_out)/C_in. As urea is removed, the blood concentration falls exponentially, C(t) = C₀·e^(−Kt/V), where V is total body water. The adequacy target Kt/V ≥ 1.2 per session; the urea reduction ratio URR = 1 − C_final/C₀ should reach ≥ 65 %.