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Caesar & Vigenère CiphersEncrypt and decrypt messages with classical substitution ciphers. Frequency analysis attack… RSA Key ExchangeStep through RSA: choose two primes, compute n and φ(n), find e and d. Watch a message… Diffie-Hellman Key ExchangeTwo parties establish a shared secret over an insecure channel. The colour-mixing analogy… Elliptic Curve CryptographyVisualise point addition on an elliptic curve over a real field. See how scalar… Blockchain ConsensusNewProof-of-Work mining and longest-chain consensus: miners race to beat the difficulty target,… Merkle Tree — Hash Trees & ProofsNewBuild a Merkle tree by hashing data blocks pairwise up to a single root. Change a leaf and… Hash Functions — Avalanche & CollisionsNewExplore what makes a cryptographic hash strong: flip one input bit and watch ~half the…