⚗️ Keemia ja materjalid

Acid Plant Converter TrainNewThis simulation depicts a converter train in an acid plant. It illustrates the chemical… Phosphoric Acid SimulationNewThis simulation explores the production of phosphoric acid through various methods,… Chemical Reaction VesselNewThis simulation models a chemical reaction within a vessel, allowing users to explore… Fractional DistillationNewThis interactive 3D simulation demonstrates the principles of fractional distillation, used… Acid Rock DrainageNewThis simulation demonstrates the formation of acid rock drainage (ARD) within exposed… Alunite Processing SimulationNewThis simulation models the chemical reactions involved in alunite processing, a historical… Antimony Roasting SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the chemical reactions involved in roasting antimony ore to… Automated Sample Prep Lab SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates an automated laboratory environment used for preparing samples… Bauxite Refinery SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the key processes involved in bauxite refining, including… Biochar Soil Carbon - 3D simulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the role of biochar in sequestering carbon within soil. It… Blast Fume Management SimulationNewThis simulation explores techniques for managing blast fumes generated during underground… Borax Crystallization SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the crystallization of borax from a saturated solution. It… Boron Brine Crystallization SimulationNewThis simulation illustrates the process of boron brine crystallization, a method used to… Boron Refinery SimulationNewThis simulation explores the processes involved in refining boron from its ore. It… Bromine Brine Air Stripping SimulationNewThis simulation models the air stripping process used to recover bromine from brine… Bromine Seawater SimulationNewThis simulation illustrates the process of extracting bromine from seawater through… Brucite Beneficiation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of brucite beneficiation, a method used to… Carbon In PulpNewThis simulation demonstrates the carbon in pulp process for dissolving gold from a slurry.… Cement Raw Mill PreblendNewThis simulation demonstrates the preblending process used in cement production. Users can… Chromatography Separation LabNewThis interactive simulation guides users through the process of separating mixtures using… Chromite Pre Reduction Kiln SimulationNewThis simulation models the initial reduction stage in chromite ore processing. Users can… Claus Sulfur Recovery SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the Claus process, a crucial industrial method for recovering… Coal Wash Plant Dense BathNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of dense bath coal washing, illustrating how it… Cobalt Hydrometallurgy SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of hydrometallurgy, specifically focusing on the… Cobalt Hydroxide Precipitation SimulationNewThis simulation models the precipitation of cobalt hydroxide from a solution. Users can… Cobalt Sulfate SimulationNewThis simulation models the behavior of cobalt sulfate solutions, exploring concepts related… Copper FlotationNewWitness the complex process of copper flotation in a simulated environment. The simulation… Copper Smelter Flash FurnaceNewThis simulation models the operation of a flash furnace used in copper smelting. It… Copper Solvent ExtractionNewThis simulation models the process of copper solvent extraction, a method used to… Copper Sulfate SimulationNewThis simulation explores the properties of copper sulfate solutions, illustrating concepts… Enzyme Kinetics LabNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of enzyme kinetics through an interactive… Epsomite Crystallization SimulationNewThis simulation visualizes the crystallization process of epsomite from aqueous solutions.… Feldspar Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of separating feldspar from other minerals using… Fluorspar Acid Grade Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of froth flotation used to separate fluorspar… Fluorspar FlotationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of fluorspar flotation, a crucial method for… Gallium Bayer Liquor SimulationNewThis simulation explores the Bayer process for extracting alumina (aluminum oxide) from… Gold Elution ColumnNewThis simulation models the operation of a gold elution column, demonstrating how cyanide… Graphite Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation explores the flotation of graphite minerals, a critical step in extracting… Gypsum Calcination SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the calcination of gypsum to produce plaster. Users can control… Gypsum Calciner KettleNewThis simulation demonstrates the calcination of gypsum in a kettle-type reactor. Users can… Hydrogen Iron Reduction SimulationNewThis simulation models the process of hydrogen iron reduction, where hydrogen gas reacts… Icp Ms Trace Elements SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the use of ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass… Indium Zinc Leach SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the leaching of indium and zinc from ores using acid solutions.… Indium Zinc Refinery Recovery SimulationNewThis interactive simulation models the recovery of indium and zinc from a refinery process.… Iodine Brine SimulationNewThis simulation explores the extraction of iodine from brine solutions, a common process in… Ion Exchange ColumnsNewThis simulation explores the principles behind ion exchange by allowing you to manipulate… Kieserite Processing SimulationNewThis simulation models the processing steps involved in extracting zinc and magnesium from… Langbeinite Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of froth flotation used in the production of… Laser Breakdown SpectroscopyNewThis simulation explores Laser Breakdown Spectroscopy (LBS), a powerful analytical technique… Lime SlakerNewThis simulation explores the complex dynamics of lime slaking – the chemical reaction… Limestone CementNewThis simulation demonstrates the chemical reactions involved in producing limestone cement.… Lithium Brine EvaporationNewThis simulation models the evaporation process within lithium brine deposits. It… Lithium Hydroxide SimulationNewThis simulation models the behavior of lithium hydroxide, a key component in some battery… Magnesium Seawater SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the chemical dissolution of magnesium from seawater through… Manganese Dioxide Electrolytic SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the electrolytic production of manganese dioxide. Users can… Merrill Crowe PrecipitationNewThis simulation illustrates the Merrill Crowe precipitation reaction, a chemical process… Mine Water Treatment Lime SimulationNewThis simulation models the treatment of mine water using lime to neutralize acidity and… Natural Pozzolan SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the behavior of natural pozzolans in cementitious systems. It… Nickel Laterite Rotary KilnNewThis simulation models the operation of a rotary kiln used in nickel laterite processing. It… Oil Shale Retorting SimulationNewThis simulation models the process of oil shale retorting, illustrating the chemical… Olivine Carbonation SimulationNewThis simulation explores the process of carbonating olivine rock to produce valuable… Online Xrf AnalyzerNewThis simulation allows users to explore the principles of online X-ray fluorescence (XRF)… Phosphate Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of phosphate flotation, a key process in… Phosphate Flotation CircuitNewThis simulation explores a phosphate flotation circuit used to separate phosphate minerals… Phosphate ProcessingNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of phosphate processing, showcasing how phosphate… Phosphogypsum Stack Reclamation SimulationNewThis simulation explores methods for reclaiming phosphogypsum stacks, a byproduct of… Phosphorite BeneficiationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of phosphorite beneficiation, a key step in… Potash Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of froth flotation used to separate potash… Potash Salt LakeNewThis simulation demonstrates the formation of potash salts in a salt lake environment. Users… Pyrite Acid SimulationNewThis simulation explores the chemical reaction between pyrite (iron sulfide) and acids. It… Rare Earth Solvent Extraction Cascade SimulationNewThis simulation explores the complex process of rare earth solvent extraction using a… Reagent Dosing Optimization SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the principles of chemical kinetics and optimization techniques… Rhenium Recovery SimulationNewThis simulation models the recovery of rhenium from complex ore mixtures, highlighting the… Rutile Chlorination Ticl4 SimulationNewThis simulation explores the chemical reaction of rutile chlorination to produce titanium… Salt DissolutionNewThis simulation visually represents the process of salt dissolution in water, illustrating… Scheelite Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation explores the process of scheelite flotation, a method used to separate… Seafloor Sulfide SimulationNewThis simulation investigates the formation and distribution of sulfide minerals on the… Selenium Anode Slime SimulationNewThis simulation visualizes the formation of a ‘slime’ during the production of selenium from… Selenium Electrolytic Slime SimulationNewThis simulation visualizes the electrolytic slime process used to extract selenium from… Silicon Metal Submerged Arc SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the production of silicon metal using a submerged arc furnace.… Silver Cyanidation SimulationNewThis simulation models the chemical process of silver cyanidation used in extracting silver… Soda Ash Solvay SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the Solvay process for producing soda ash (sodium carbonate).… Soda Ash TronaNewThis simulation demonstrates the formation and properties of soda ash and trona deposits. It… Soda Lake Brine SimulationNewThis simulation explores the complex chemistry of brine solutions found in soda lakes. It… Solution SaltNewThis simulation demonstrates the properties of solution salt, focusing on its solubility and… Stratospheric Ozone ChemistryNewThis simulation explores the complex chemical reactions occurring within the stratosphere… Sulfur CrystallizationNewThis simulation explores the crystallization of sulfur from molten state. Users can control… Talc Flotation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of separating talc from other minerals using froth… Tellurium Copper Slime Recovery SimulationNewThis simulation explores the recovery of tellurium and copper from slime deposits using… Thorium Separation SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the complex process of separating thorium from other materials… Tin Smelting SimulationNewThis interactive simulation models the process of tin smelting, showcasing the chemical… Titanium Chloride SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the behavior of titanium chloride under various conditions. It… Titanium Sponge Kroll SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the Kroll process for producing titanium sponge. It illustrates… Trona Solution Mining WellNewThis simulation illustrates the process of trona solution mining, a method for extracting… Uranium In Situ Recovery Wellfield SimulationNewThis simulation models the process of uranium in situ recovery (ISR) from a wellfield. It… Vanadium Leach SimulationNewThis simulation demonstrates the process of leaching vanadium from its ore using chemical… Wastewater Nutrient Recovery - 3D SimulationNewThis simulation explores the process of recovering valuable nutrients (like nitrogen and… Zinc ElectrowinningNewThis simulation models the zinc electrowinning process, showcasing how electrolysis is used… Lipinski's Rule of Five: Screening Drug Candidates by Molecular PropertiesNewWatch a library of candidate molecules get screened against the four classic… QED: The Quantitative Estimate of Drug-likenessNewWatch several molecular-property desirability scores combine via geometric mean into one… Mass Spectrometry: Weighing Molecules by Their Flight TimeNewDiscover how time-of-flight mass spectrometry ionizes and accelerates molecules through a… NMR Spectroscopy: Reading Molecular Structure from Spinning NucleiNewDiscover how nuclear magnetic resonance reads the local chemical environment of individual… X-Ray Crystallography: Seeing Atoms Through DiffractionNewExplore how X-ray crystallography uses Bragg's Law to turn diffraction patterns scattered… Orbital Hybridization: How Atoms Reshape Their Electron Clouds to BondNewExplore how atomic s and p orbitals mix mathematically into sp3, sp2, and sp hybrid… Circular Dichroism: Reading Molecular Handedness with LightNewExplore how chiral molecules absorb left- and right-circularly-polarized light differently,… Marcus Theory of Electron TransferNewExplore Rudolph Marcus's Nobel Prize-winning theory of electron transfer, where reaction… The Hofmeister Series: Why Salts Make or Break ProteinsNewExplore the Hofmeister series, the 1888 ranking of ions by their power to salt out or salt… Jahn-Teller Distortion LabNewExplore why degenerate electronic states are unstable: watch an octahedral copper(II)… The Grotthuss Mechanism: Proton HoppingNewDiscover why H+ and OH- ions race through water four to ten times faster than any comparable… Liesegang Rings: Periodic Precipitation LabNewSimulate how a diffusing chemical reacts with a gel-bound partner to self-organize into… Gouy-Chapman-Stern Electric Double LayerNewVisualize how ions arrange near a charged electrode into a rigid Stern layer and a diffuse… Activation Energy and Collision TheoryNewInteractive 3D particle box where temperature and concentration sliders change collision… Crystal Lattice Defects: Vacancies, Interstitials and DislocationsNewInteractive 3D crystal lattice where users toggle vacancy, interstitial and dislocation… Eutectic Phase Diagram: Binary Alloy SolidificationNewInteractive 3D phase diagram paired with an alloy melt where users adjust composition and… The FHP Lattice Gas AutomatonNewInteractive 3D hexagonal lattice of particles colliding and streaming under simple rules,… Fractional Distillation: VLE and the McCabe-Thiele MethodNewInteractive 3D distillation column with stacked trays where users adjust reflux ratio and… Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point ElevationNewInteractive 3D beaker of solvent where adding solute particles via a slider shifts the… Gel Electrophoresis: Separating Molecules by SizeNewInteractive 3D gel slab where users load DNA or protein fragments of different sizes, apply… Molecular Orbital Theory: Why O2 Is Magnetic and He2 Isn't RealNewInteractive 3D molecular orbital diagram builder where users combine atomic orbitals for… Supercritical Fluids: Beyond the Critical PointNewInteractive 3D pressure-temperature phase diagram where users push a substance past its… Surface Catalysis: The Langmuir-Hinshelwood MechanismNewInteractive 3D catalyst surface where users adjust gas concentrations and watch reactant… VSEPR Theory: Why Molecules Have the Shape They DoNewInteractive 3D molecule builder where users select central atoms and bonding or lone… Column Chromatography SeparatorNewInteractive 3D glass column where adjusting solvent polarity and stationary-phase packing… Crystal Field Theory — d-Orbital Splitting & Transition Metal ColorsNewWatch d-orbitals split into t2g and eg levels as ligands approach, then fill high-spin or… Gibbs Free Energy — Reaction Spontaneity, ΔG = ΔH − TΔSNewTune enthalpy, entropy and temperature to see when ΔG = ΔH − TΔS predicts a reaction runs… Molecular Orbital Theory — Bond Order for Diatomic MoleculesNewFill a molecular orbital diagram electron by electron and watch bond order and magnetism… VSEPR Theory — Predicting Molecular GeometryNewSet bonding and lone pairs on a central atom and watch VSEPR theory snap the molecule into… Debye-Hückel Limiting Law — Ionic Strength & Activity CoefficientsNewWatch an ion's counter-ion atmosphere thicken and compress as electrolyte concentration… Hess's Law — Enthalpy of Reaction via Energy CyclesNewCompare a direct reaction path against a multi-step indirect route on an animated… Born-Haber Cycle — Lattice Energy of Ionic CrystalsNewClimb an animated energy staircase through sublimation, ionization, dissociation and… Determining Reaction Order — Method of Initial Rates & Integrated Rate LawsNewRun virtual kinetics trials at different starting concentrations and find which integrated… Fick's Laws of Diffusion — Concentration Gradients & FluxNewWatch particles undergo a real random walk and spread from a concentrated band into a… Heisenberg Spin Model — Quantum MagnetismNewMetropolis Monte Carlo simulation of the classical Heisenberg model: 3D unit spins on a 2D… Osmotic Pressure — Van't Hoff Equation & OsmometerNewA membrane osmometer's capillary column rises until hydrostatic pressure balances the… FHP Lattice Gas AutomatonNewBoolean particles on a hexagonal lattice collide and stream under simple conservation rules,… Graham's Law of EffusionNewLight and heavy gas molecules escape through a tiny orifice at different rates. Watch… Surface Catalysis — Langmuir-Hinshelwood MechanismNewTwo reactant gases adsorb onto a catalyst surface and react only when neighbors. Watch the… Eutectic Phase Diagram — Binary Alloy SolidificationNewCool a binary alloy through its phase diagram and watch primary-phase grains and fine… Polymer Chain as a Random Walk — Flory ScalingNewGrow a polymer chain as an ideal random walk or self-avoiding walk and watch its end-to-end… Gel Electrophoresis — Separating Molecules by SizeNewCharged DNA fragments migrate through a gel mesh under an electric field, with smaller… Photochemistry — Fluorescence, Phosphorescence & the Jablonski DiagramNewPhotons excite molecules up a Jablonski diagram, then relax back down via fluorescence or… Vapor Pressure & Boiling — Clausius-Clapeyron EquationNewWatch molecules evaporate and condense until vapor pressure matches external pressure — the… Column Chromatography — Separation by Partition CoefficientNewThree colored compounds race down a chromatography column at different speeds set by their… Solubility Product Ksp — Precipitation & the Common-Ion EffectNewWatch a sparingly-soluble salt dissolve and precipitate as you add a common ion. Compare the… Fractional Distillation — VLE & the McCabe-Thiele MethodNewWatch a McCabe-Thiele staircase construction show how each theoretical plate enriches vapor… Surfactants & Micelle Formation — Critical Micelle ConcentrationNewWatch surfactant molecules saturate the water surface, then spontaneously self-assemble into… Crystal Lattice Defects — Vacancies, Interstitials & DislocationsNewClick to place vacancies, interstitials and impurities in a 2D crystal lattice, or insert an… Redox Titration — Potentiometric Endpoint & the Nernst EquationNewWatch electrode potential trace a sharp S-curve as oxidizing titrant is added, jumping… Hydrogen-Bond Network in Water — Structure & DynamicsNewWatch water molecules constantly form and break a fluctuating hydrogen-bond network — a… Freezing Point Depression & Boiling Point ElevationNewDissolve a solute and watch both the freezing point drop and boiling point rise by the same… Classical Nucleation Theory — Critical Nucleus SizeNewSeed a tiny crystal nucleus and watch it randomly grow or redissolve depending on whether… Activation Energy & Collision Theory — Reaction Coordinate DiagramNewOnly collisions energetic enough to clear the activation-energy barrier react. Watch the… Supercritical Fluids — Beyond the Critical PointNewPush temperature and pressure past the critical point and watch the liquid-gas boundary… Reaction Front — Traveling Chemical WaveNewSimulate a traveling wave front using the Fisher-KPP equation. Watch autocatalytic reactions… 3D Reaction-Diffusion PatternsNewGray-Scott reaction-diffusion model in a 3D voxel grid rendered with Three.js. Two… Electrochemical Corrosion (Tafel)NewMetal corrosion via Evans diagram: anodic dissolution and cathodic reduction meet at… Colloidal Stability — DLVO TheoryNewDLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory: total interaction energy V_T = V_EDL +… Sol-Gel Phase TransitionNewA polymer sol transitions to a gel as cross-link density p exceeds the percolation threshold… Molecular SpectroscopyNewChange temperature, linewidth and concentration to see vibrational bands emerge and… Crystal DissolutionNewWatch crystals dissolve in a solvent as surface ions detach and diffuse into solution. Chemical Equilibrium — Le Chatelier & Reaction QuotientNewInteractive Le Chatelier's principle simulation. Perturb a gaseous equilibrium by changing… pH & Buffer SolutionsNewAcid-base equilibria and buffering: Henderson-Hasselbalch pH=pKa+log([A⁻]/[HA]), titration… Potential Energy SurfaceNewRoll a particle across a potential energy surface with adjustable friction and temperature,… Grain GrowthNewWatch a polycrystalline microstructure form: nucleate randomly oriented grains, grow them… ColloidsNewColloidal particles diffuse by Brownian motion with D = kT/(6πηr). Tune salt to lower the… Surface WettingNewWhy does a droplet spread or bead up? Young's equation sets the contact angle from surface… Microcracks (Paris Law)NewCyclic stress slowly grows microscopic cracks per cycle by da/dN = C·(ΔK)^m. Watch the crack… Acid-Base EquilibriumNewPerform a virtual acid-base titration: add drops of strong base to a weak acid and watch the… Combustion ReactionNewWatch CH4 + 2O2 to CO2 + 2H2O unfold in a particle simulation. Methane and oxygen molecules… Nernst Equation — Galvanic Cell Potential Interactive SimulationE = E° − (RT/nF)·ln Q. Animated galvanic cell with ion migration and electrode growth. E vs… Chemical Equilibrium — Free Energy, Reaction Quotient & Le ChatelierAdjust ΔH°, ΔS°, T and concentrations. Watch G(Q) curve, ICE concentrations, van't Hoff plot… Belousov-Zhabotinsky ReactionExcitable-medium cellular automaton simulating the oscillating BZ chemical reaction. Resting… Turing DiffusionGray-Scott reaction-diffusion model spontaneously forms spots, stripes, mazes and coral… Galvanic CellPick two electrodes and their ion concentrations to build a Daniell-type cell, then read the… Adsorption IsothermRaise the pressure and compare Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms as molecules fill a… Electrode KineticsSweep the overpotential and watch Butler-Volmer kinetics set the current, with Tafel slopes… ElectrolysisSet current, time and electrode reactions to split water, then use Faraday's laws to predict… Van der Waals Gas — Real Gas IsothermsTrace real-gas isotherms on a P-V diagram, apply the Maxwell construction to the unphysical… Phase Diagram — Solid, Liquid & Gas with Triple PointInteractive P-T phase diagram showing solid, liquid and gas regions. Explore the triple… Reaction-DiffusionGray-Scott model: two chemical species diffuse and react, spontaneously forming spots,… Diffusion-Limited Crystal Growth SimulationExplore the formation of a crystal through random particle movement, adjusting parameters… Premixed Flame Front — PropagationA premixed flame front propagating via reaction-diffusion with Arrhenius kinetics. Crystal Growth — Dendritic SolidificationA phase-field model of dendritic crystal solidification with adjustable undercooling and… Chemical Reaction Kinetics — Arrhenius & Consecutive ReactionsSimulate A→B→C consecutive chemical reactions in real time. Explore the Arrhenius equation,… Nernst EquationAdjust concentration and temperature and watch the Nernst equation E=E0-(RT/nF)ln(Q) shift… Le Chatelier PrinciplePick the Haber, SO3, CO2 or Fe3+/SCN- reaction, then add reactant, product, heat or pressure… Li-ion Battery SimulatorSimulate lithium-ion battery charge/discharge cycles, intercalation, SoC, capacity fade, and…