Lung Physiology: Breathing & Gas Exchange (2D)

This 2D companion drives the same pulmonary-mechanics equations as the 3D model through a plain canvas view built for reading the physiology rather than orbiting an anatomical scene: a side panel exposes breathing rate, effort (target tidal volume), inspired O₂ and four disease presets, a schematic bellows diagram shows the chest wall, diaphragm and airway tree responding in real time, a scrolling spirometry trace plots lung volume against time, and a flow-volume loop — the actual diagnostic readout doctors use — traces flow against volume so the scooped-out obstructive curve of asthma/COPD or the tall narrow restrictive curve of fibrosis is directly visible instead of implied.