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Colour Science & Perceptual Design

Colour isn't in the world — it's in your brain. Explore why two physically different spectra look identical, why 8% of men can't distinguish red from green, and how cinema colour grading works.

6 simulations CIE · RGB · LAB Vision · Accessibility

Simulations

Open any simulation — runs instantly in your browser

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Popular★☆☆ Beginner
Colour Mixing — Additive & Subtractive
RGB light beams overlap (additive) while CMY pigment discs subtract wavelengths (Kubelka-Munk). See instantly why mixing light gives white and mixing paints gives dark brown.
AdditiveSubtractiveCMY
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★☆☆ Beginner
Spectral Dispersion & Rainbow Physics
Snell's law refraction inside a raindrop separates white light into its spectral components. Set sun angle and see secondary rainbows — the physics of wavelength-dependent refractive index.
DispersionSnellSpectrum
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★★☆ Moderate
Thin Film Interference — Structural Colour
Wavelength-selective reflection from a thin soap film — the mechanism behind butterflies' iridescent wings, CD disc colours and anti-reflective lens coatings. Vary thickness live.
InterferenceThin FilmIridescence
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★☆☆ Beginner
Colour Symmetry & Perception
Kaleidoscopic reflections explore simultaneous contrast, colour constancy and how surrounding colours drastically change a patch's perceived hue — Albers' interaction of colour in motion.
AlbersContrastPerception
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★★☆ Moderate
Spectral Power Distribution
Build a light source by summing spectral components — shows metamerism: two very different spectra that produce identical perceived colour. The foundation of colorimetry and ICC profiling.
MetamerismSPDCIE
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★★☆ ModerateNew
WCAG Contrast & Accessibility Checker
Pick any foreground/background pair and compute WCAG 2.1 contrast ratio against AA/AAA thresholds. Applies deuteranopia and protanopia simulations to validate inclusive colour design.
WCAGA11yContrast

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About Colour Science Simulations

Colour perception, CIE colour spaces, metamerism, and display science

Colour science simulations model the interaction between electromagnetic radiation, the human visual system, and digital display technology. CIE 1931 chromaticity-diagram visualisers map all visible colours to XYZ tristimulus coordinates derived from the cone-cell spectral sensitivity functions, showing how colour perception is three-dimensional despite the continuous spectrum of light.

Metamerism simulators show how two objects with different spectral reflectance curves can appear identical under one light source and different under another — the core challenge for paint matching, textile dyeing, and display calibration. Colour-vision-deficiency simulators transform images to simulate deuteranopia, protanopia, and tritanopia. These tools serve designers, vision scientists, and display engineers who need to reason precisely about colour.

Each simulation in this category is built with accuracy and interactivity in mind. The underlying mathematical models are the same ones used in academic research and professional engineering — just made accessible through a web browser. Changing parameters in real time and observing the results is one of the most effective ways to build intuition for complex scientific and engineering concepts.

Key Concepts

Topics and algorithms you'll explore in this category

CIE XYZ Color SpaceThe absolute tristimulus observer model
RGB / HSL / LABPerceptual and device-dependent color spaces
Color BlindnessProtan / deutan / tritan cone-pigment deficiencies
Gamut MappingClipping and compression between color spaces
Spectral Power DistributionHow light spectra map to perceived color
Delta EPerceptual color difference metric in LAB space

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about this simulation category

What color science concepts can I explore here?
CIE XYZ, RGB/HSL/LAB/LCH color space conversions, spectral power distributions, color blindness simulation (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia), gamut boundaries, and perceptual ΔE metrics.
How is color blindness simulated?
The simulations use the Brettel-Viénot-Mollon model, which modifies the cone absorption matrices to replicate how a dichromatic observer perceives colors, then re-renders the image.
Is the color science here physically accurate?
The underlying CIE models, spectral data, and color-matching functions are the same standards used in display calibration, ICC profiling, and photometry.