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⚗️ Carbon Nanotube

A carbon nanotube is a rolled graphene sheet. The rolling direction (chirality vector C = na₁ + ma₂) determines the tube type and electrical properties.

🔢 Chirality vector (n, m)

🎛 Display

📐 Properties

Diameter
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Chiral angle
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Type
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Bandgap
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ℹ️ Physics

sp² hybridization: each C atom bonds to 3 neighbours, forming a hexagonal lattice. The leftover π electron is delocalised.

Diameter: d = a₀√(n²+nm+m²)/π, a₀ = 0.246 nm
Chiral angle: θ = atan(√3·m / (2n+m))

Metallic if (n−m) mod 3 = 0; otherwise semiconductor with Eg ≈ 0.9 eV·nm / d.

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