Volcanic Eruption

Stratovolcano cross-section (vertical scale exaggerated). Fresh magma recharges the chamber until overpressure beats the roof's tensile strength. Viscosity and gas content then decide the style.

Presets

Pressure0

Viscosity–

Temp.–

Bubbles–

Discharge0

Plume0

SO₂ flux–

Erupted0

Magma & plumbing

Silica (SiO₂) Volatile content Recharge rate Conduit radius Magma temperature offset Roof tensile strength Unstable flank (cryptodome bulge → lateral blast)

Environment

Wind speed Time speed

Monitoring

Plots show the last ~90 s of simulation. Shaded bands mark eruption. Time inside the model is warped: months pass per second while the chamber recharges, minutes during the eruption. Particle motion and ejecta heights are schematic.