Tokamak — Magnetic Confinement Fusion Simulator

☢️ Tokamak

A tokamak confines hot plasma in a torus using helical magnetic fields: a strong toroidal B_φ plus a weaker poloidal B_θ from the plasma current. Watch charged particles spiral along field lines.

👁 View

🎛 Parameters

Toroidal field B_φ 5.0 T Poloidal field ratio q 2.5 Particle energy 10 keV Particle count N 40 Radial disturbance δ 0.0

📐 Diagnostics

Larmor r_L

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Cyclotron f_c

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Field-line twist

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Confinement

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ℹ️ Physics

The safety factor q = rB_φ / RB_θ controls field-line twist. Particles gyrate with Larmor radius r_L = mv⊥ / qB. Pure toroidal fields cannot confine — the ∇B drift separates ions and electrons. The poloidal B_θ shorts the resulting charge separation, enabling confinement. Disruptions occur near q ≈ 1 (kink instability).