Shot presets

Ball

Aim and environment

Readouts

Speed0 km/h
Height0 m
Spin0 rpm
Time0.00 s
Launch angle0°
Net clearance-
Bounce at-
Bounce speed-
Rebound angle-
Wind drift-
Call-
Opponent-

Ball speed vs. time (km/h)

Same model as the 3D version: gravity, quadratic drag (Cd 0.55), Magnus lift with Cl = 1/(2 + v/(Rω)) (Mehta 1985; Cross 2002), restitution plus Coulomb friction at the bounce with sliding or rolling contact. Surface values are illustrative. Left or top: top view (drag the red aim ring, the server or the receiver). Right or bottom: side view.