Internal loop (water)
External loop (ammonia)
Interface Heat Exchanger
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Real spacecraft life-support "integration" is not a slogan — it's a handful of physical components that let independently-designed subsystems talk to each other without ever mixing their fluids. This simulator models the single most important one of those on a station-class vehicle: the Interface Heat Exchanger (IFHX) that couples the cabin's internal water thermal-control loop to the external ammonia loop feeding the radiators. A three-way mixing valve sets what fraction of internal flow is routed through the IFHX, and a real effectiveness–NTU heat-exchanger model plus a first-order thermal-mass energy balance determine whether the loop settles into equilibrium or runs away. Tune the cabin heat load, the mixing valve, the external ammonia flow rate and the radiator return temperature, and watch the two coolant loops — rendered as separate particle streams meeting only inside the exchanger — respond in real time.