Five instrument towers ring a central flight recorder — one per cabin channel (O2, CO2, pressure, temperature, humidity). Each tower's height tracks its live noisy reading against its own nominal band, and the glowing ring above it is a direct read-out of that channel's CUSUM (cumulative sum) statistic, the same control-chart algorithm used to catch slow instrument drift in real monitoring systems:
z = (x - μ) / σ
Sh = max(0, Sh + z - k) // upward drift accumulator
Sl = max(0, Sl - z - k) // downward drift accumulator
ALARM when Sh > h or Sl > h → ring flares red
A single noisy spike barely moves the ring — it takes a sustained drift away from calibrated baseline to accumulate past threshold h, exactly what a slowly degrading component produces. Inject a fault and its tower begins a slow ramp; leave it unresolved past a fixed dwell and an amber beam fires from the recorder core to a second, physically-coupled tower — the cascade — while the core itself flares brighter. Catch the alarm and click Isolate fault before the beam fires and the fault stays contained to one tower.
- Fault drift rate — how fast the injected fault ramps to full magnitude.
- CUSUM slack k / threshold h — the sensitivity knobs of the statistical detector: lower values catch drift sooner at the cost of more false alarms from noise alone.
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