Moon Phases: Illumination & Orbit Geometry (2D)

This 2D companion computes the same sphere-illumination geometry as the 3D original — a top-down Sun-Earth-Moon orbit view next to a phase disc whose lit region is derived pixel-column by pixel-column from the angle between the Moon, Earth and Sun, so scrubbing the cycle slider produces the same new/crescent/quarter/gibbous/full sequence without any 3D rendering.