Surrogate Endpoints in Aging Trials
Placeholder: short sentence on why surrogate markers matter for aging trials.
- 2–5 yr: Typical trial length (Placeholder note)
- 20+ yr: Full endpoint wait (Placeholder note)
- 6–10: Surrogate markers used (Placeholder note)
- Partial: Regulatory acceptance (Placeholder note)
Why surrogates are needed
Placeholder short paragraph describing surrogate endpoint rationale.
Placeholder highlight callout for stage one.
Epigenetic Clocks and DNA Methylation Age
Placeholder: short sentence on epigenetic clock biomarker use.
- Horvath, GrimAge: Clock models (Placeholder note)
- ~350–1000: CpG sites used (Placeholder note)
- $150–300: Assay cost (Placeholder note)
- ~1–3 yr: Reported effect (Placeholder note)
How the clock is measured
Placeholder short paragraph on epigenetic clock methodology.
Placeholder highlight callout for stage two.
Inflammatory Marker Panel Tracking
Placeholder: short sentence on inflammatory marker monitoring.
- CRP, IL-6, TNF-α: Markers tracked (Placeholder note)
- Every 3 mo: Sampling interval (Placeholder note)
- ↓ modest: Rapamycin arm change (Placeholder note)
- ELISA/Luminex: Assay type (Placeholder note)
Panel composition and trend
Placeholder short paragraph on inflammatory panel behavior.
Placeholder highlight callout for stage three.
Physical Function Composite Score
Placeholder: short sentence on physical function composite scoring.
- Grip, gait, balance: Components (Placeholder note)
- 0–100: Score range (Placeholder note)
- Every 6 mo: Test frequency (Placeholder note)
- ±8 pts: Typical variance (Placeholder note)
Composite score construction
Placeholder short paragraph on function score construction.
Placeholder highlight callout for stage four.
Biomarker Change vs Clinical Outcome Gap
Placeholder: short sentence on the gap between biomarker and real outcomes.
- Few: Validated surrogates (Placeholder note)
- Weak–moderate: Correlation strength (Placeholder note)
- Years later: Outcome confirmation (Placeholder note)
- High: Risk of overreliance (Placeholder note)
Interpreting the gap
Placeholder short paragraph on surrogate-outcome gap interpretation.
Placeholder highlight callout for stage five.