Quantum Repeater Network: 3D Relay Chain

Repeater Relay — 3D

Relay hops 4 segments

Per-segment fidelity 92%

Swap success prob. 85%

Link-generation prob. 60%

Phase

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Swap attempts

End-to-end (relay)

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Direct (no relay)

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How it works

Nodes along the ground line are repeater stations Alice → R1 → R2 → … → Bob. Each elementary segment (glowing beam) is generated independently, then repeaters recursively fuse pairs of segments via entanglement swapping — visualized as a burst that lifts a new, longer-reach beam one level higher until a single Alice–Bob arc remains.

F_out = F1·F2 + (1-F1)(1-F2)/3   (Werner-state swap)
log2(N) swap rounds fuse N elementary segments

Orbit the scene to see the relay tree from any angle. Compare the achieved end-to-end fidelity against the direct-transmission figure, which decays exponentially with distance because it has no intermediate swapping to arrest the loss — the core reason real quantum networks are built as repeater chains rather than single long fibers.

Relay hops — segments N = 2^rounds between Alice and Bob.
Per-segment fidelity — quality of each elementary entangled link before swapping.
Swap success probability — chance one entanglement-swapping measurement succeeds; failures retry (glowing red pulse, counted as attempts).
Link-generation probability — chance an elementary link heralds successfully per attempt.

Alice Bob / repeaters Swap in progress Established link

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