Pregnancy Hypercoagulability
Placeholder: pregnancy shifts hemostasis toward clotting readiness.
- ↑↑: Factor VIII/fibrinogen (Placeholder short note)
- ↓: Protein S (Placeholder short note)
- ↑: Venous stasis (uterus) (Placeholder short note)
- 5x: Baseline VTE risk (Placeholder short note)
Why pregnancy is prothrombotic
Placeholder: evolutionary bleeding protection at delivery raises clot risk.
Cesarean Delivery Adds Thrombosis Risk
Placeholder: surgery, vessel injury, and immobility compound baseline risk.
- 2-4x: C-section vs vaginal (Placeholder short note)
- Present: Vessel wall injury (Placeholder short note)
- Hours: Post-op immobility (Placeholder short note)
- Higher: Emergency vs elective (Placeholder short note)
Surgical contribution to Virchow triad
Placeholder: endothelial injury plus stasis plus hypercoagulability converge.
Immobilization and Venous Stasis
Placeholder: reduced calf muscle pump slows venous return sharply.
- ↑ risk: Bed rest duration (Placeholder short note)
- Inactive: Calf muscle pump (Placeholder short note)
- ↑: Valve pocket pooling (Placeholder short note)
- ↓↓: Flow velocity (Placeholder short note)
Stasis as the clot nucleation trigger
Placeholder: pooled blood near valve cusps favors clot initiation.
Age, Obesity and Compounding Risk
Placeholder: additional factors stack multiplicatively on baseline risk.
- +risk: Age >35 (Placeholder short note)
- +risk: Obesity (BMI>30) (Placeholder short note)
- +risk: Prior VTE/thrombophilia (Placeholder short note)
- +risk: Multiple gestation (Placeholder short note)
Cumulative risk scoring
Placeholder: risk factor counts guide prophylaxis decision scoring.
Prevention — Ambulation, Compression, Anticoagulation
Placeholder: early mobilization and stockings restore normal venous flow.
- Effective: Early ambulation (Placeholder short note)
- Effective: Compression stockings (Placeholder short note)
- High risk cases: LMWH prophylaxis (Placeholder short note)
- ~65%: Risk reduction (Placeholder short note)
Combining prophylaxis measures
Placeholder: mechanical plus pharmacologic prophylaxis lowers DVT incidence.
Placeholder: early walking after delivery is the simplest effective prevention.