Ibn al-Haytham's Pinhole Camera (Qamara) — 2D Ray Bench

In the 11th century, Ibn al-Haytham used a darkened chamber with a small opening — the qamara — to prove experimentally that light travels in straight lines and that vision works by light entering the eye, overturning a thousand years of extramission theory. This 2D optical-bench diagram rebuilds that experiment: a lit "F"-shaped object stands to the left of a wall pierced by an adjustable pinhole, and every ray that survives the aperture is traced onto a screen on the right, forming a real, inverted, rescaled image exactly as similar-triangle geometry predicts. Drag the object or screen directly on the diagram (or use the sliders) and resize the aperture; live readouts track magnification, image height and geometric blur diameter, a ray-bundle mode reveals the penumbra cones, and a strip chart plots how blur grows linearly with aperture size.