⚡ Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Material pair Tap frequency: 2.0 Hz Max separation gap: 6.0 mm Nanopillar density: 50% Plate area: 9 cm² Load resistance: 10 MΩ

Output LED (brightness ∝ power)

Open-circuit voltage V_oc0 V

Instantaneous current0 nA

Instantaneous power0 nW

Peak power0 nW

Charge density σ0 µC/m²

Harvested energy0 nJ

Contact-separation mode TENG: two plates with opposite triboelectric polarity build up equal and opposite surface charge on contact. Separating them raises the open-circuit voltage V_oc(x) = σ·x / ε₀ across the growing air gap, driving current I = (V_oc − Q/C) / R through the load. Nanostructuring (nanopillars / nanowires) increases the true contact area far beyond the projected footprint, boosting σ and therefore output — this is why nanoscale texturing, not bulk material choice, is the main lever researchers pull to raise TENG power density.

Voltage (V) vs time

Power (nW) vs time