3D Nanosensor Array Simulator

Nanosensor Array

Array density 8×8

Target concentration 120 nM

Association rate k_on 1.0×

Dissociation rate k_off 0.30×

Elements bound

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Array signal

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Occupied fraction

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Bindings this run

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How it works

Instead of one continuous surface, a real multiplexed biochip is a grid of individually-addressable nanosensor elements. Target molecules diffuse through the 3D solution volume above the chip; each one that drifts within capture range of a still-empty element can bind it, and every bound element can later release its molecule — the same Langmuir association/dissociation kinetics as a single sensor, but resolved per-element so you can see which spots on the chip actually fired.

P(bind | collision)   = 1 − exp(−k_on·C·Δt)
P(release | bound)    = 1 − exp(−k_off·Δt)
array signal = Σᵢ boundᵢ · Δg   (per-element contribution)

Array density — number of independent sensor elements on the chip; a denser array samples more of the solution at once and reaches its aggregate plateau faster.
Target concentration — more molecules diffusing through the volume means more collisions with empty elements per second.
k_on — per-collision binding probability; raising it lights up elements faster without changing how many stay lit at equilibrium.
k_off — per-element release rate; raising it caps how many elements stay bound and speeds the fade once you switch to Wash.

Real-world relevance: multiplexed nanowire-FET and nanoparticle arrays report a target not from a single averaged signal but as a spatial pattern of individual binding events across thousands of elements — the basis of high-density diagnostic chips that test for many analytes at once.

Diffusing molecule Bound sensor element Empty sensor element

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