Drug Metabolizer Phenotype Simulator

CYP450 Metabolizer Genotype

Normal Metabolizer — two functional alleles, reference enzyme activity (CL ×1.0).

Dosing

Oral dose 100 mg

Redosing interval τ 8 h

Auto-redose every τ (steady state)

Simulation speed 1.0 h/s

Live Pharmacokinetics

0 h24 h

Plasma conc. C(t)

0.00 mg/L

Time elapsed

0.0 h

Half-life t½

— h

Clearance CL

— L/h

How it works

Most oral drugs follow one-compartment, first-order pharmacokinetics: once absorbed, plasma concentration decays exponentially as the liver's CYP450 enzymes clear it from the blood.

dC/dt = -ke · C
C(t)  = C0 · e^(-ke·t)
ke    = CL / Vd
t½    = ln(2) / ke

CL (clearance) is the volume of plasma cleared of drug per hour. For a drug metabolized mainly by one CYP450 enzyme (e.g. CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19), CL scales almost directly with how many functional copies of that gene a person carries — the basis of CPIC dosing guidelines:

Poor (PM):        2 non-functional alleles  → CL ×0.25
Intermediate (IM): 1 reduced-function allele → CL ×0.5
Normal (NM):       2 normal alleles          → CL ×1.0  (reference)
Rapid (RM):        1 increased-function allele → CL ×1.5
Ultrarapid (UM):   ≥2 increased-function/duplicated alleles → CL ×2.5

With repeated dosing every τ hours, concentration accumulates toward a steady-state average Css,avg = Dose / (CL · τ). A poor metabolizer's low CL means the same dose and interval that are safe for a normal metabolizer can accumulate to toxic levels — the clinical reason pharmacogenomic testing changes prescribed doses for drugs like codeine, warfarin, clopidogrel and many antidepressants. The orbiting spheres are drug molecules circulating in plasma; their visible population tracks C(t) directly, and they vanish preferentially as they pass through the liver, where the enzyme core's spin rate visualizes relative CYP450 activity.

Drug molecule (plasma) Liver / CYP450 clearance zone

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