Engineered cells (teal capsules) and native community members (grey
capsules) compete for space and nutrients inside the host niche. Engineered
cells continuously secrete a therapeutic molecule (small glowing particles)
while alive. The kill-switch simulates a genetic biocontainment circuit that
triggers programmed death of the engineered population on demand.
dN_i/dt = r_i ยท N_i ยท (1 โ N_total/K) โ d_i ยท N_i
diversity (Shannon) H = โฮฃ p_i ยท ln(p_i)
- Engineered strain seed โ starting fraction of engineered vs native cells at colonisation.
- Nutrient / prebiotic level โ raises growth rate r for all strains and total carrying capacity K.
- Kill-switch โ instantly raises the engineered strain's death rate, simulating an inducible biocontainment circuit.
- Environment โ gut vs soil changes the visual niche; the same logistic competition applies to both.
This captures the central engineering trade-off in microbiome design:
enough engineered abundance to deliver a therapeutic dose, balanced against
containment so the strain does not persist or spread uncontrolled.