3D Bioprinting Simulator | mysimulator.uk

3D Bioprinter

Print speed 6 mm/s

Layer height 250 μm

Nozzle diameter 0.40 mm

Layer

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Print progress

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Wall shear stress

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Cell viability

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How it works

Extrusion bioprinting pushes a cell-laden hydrogel ("bioink") through a narrow nozzle under pressure, tracing a G-code path one strand at a time. Strands are laid down layer by layer, alternating direction 90° between layers — a "woodpile" lattice — so each new layer bridges the gaps left by the one below it, building an open, porous scaffold that cells can later populate and vascularize.

τ = 4·μ·v / r
viability ≈ 99% − k·τ

τ — wall shear stress the bioink (and any suspended cells) experience inside the nozzle bore.
μ — bioink viscosity: alginate is thin and forgiving, collagen is thick and shears cells harder.
v — print speed: faster extrusion raises shear stress and shortens the print, but stresses cells more.
r — nozzle bore radius: a wider nozzle lowers shear stress but prints thicker, lower-resolution strands.

Real bioprinting labs live inside this same trade-off triangle: push too fast through too narrow a nozzle with too viscous an ink, and cell viability collapses even though the printed geometry looks perfect — the mechanical stress, not the shape, is what kills the tissue.

Extruder nozzle Deposited bioink Print bed

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