This simulator visually demonstrates how proton flow (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives the rotary mechanism of ATP synthase, linking the electrochemical gradient built by the electron transport chain to the mechanical synthesis of ATP.
Adjust the proton gradient strength to see how it changes the rotation speed of the F0 rotor and observe how each roughly 120-degree turn of the F1 head produces new ATP molecules from ADP and phosphate.
Use the sliders to control the proton gradient strength and observe real-time changes in ATP synthase rotation speed and ATP output.
Did you know that a single ATP synthase enzyme can spin faster than 100 times per second, and that the average adult recycles roughly their own body weight in ATP every day because it is used almost as fast as it is produced?
This simulator visually demonstrates how proton flow (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives the rotary mechanism of ATP synthase, linking the electrochemical gradient built by the electron transport chain to the mechanical synthesis of ATP.
This simulator visually demonstrates how proton flow (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives the rotary mechanism of ATP synthase, linking the electrochemical gradient built by the electron transport chain to the mechanical synthesis of ATP.
Adjust the proton gradient strength to see how it changes the rotation speed of the F0 rotor and observe how each roughly 120-degree turn of the F1 head produces new ATP molecules from ADP and phosphate.
Did you know that a single ATP synthase enzyme can spin faster than 100 times per second, and that the average adult recycles roughly their own body weight in ATP every day because it is used almost as fast as it is produced?