This simulator demonstrates how the three CO2 transport pathways combine and how the Haldane effect shifts total CO2 carrying capacity between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin states.
Adjust the CO2 partial pressure and hemoglobin oxygen saturation sliders to see how dissolved CO2, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate contributions change, and watch the chloride shift animate between red blood cell and plasma.
Sliders control CO2 partial pressure and hemoglobin oxygen saturation, updating the relative contributions of dissolved CO2, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate along with a chloride shift animation.
Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes known, capable of catalyzing roughly a million reactions per second, which is why the bicarbonate pathway can handle 70 percent of CO2 transport almost instantaneously inside red blood cells.
This simulator demonstrates how the three CO2 transport pathways combine and how the Haldane effect shifts total CO2 carrying capacity between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin states.
This simulator demonstrates how the three CO2 transport pathways combine and how the Haldane effect shifts total CO2 carrying capacity between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin states.
Adjust the CO2 partial pressure and hemoglobin oxygen saturation sliders to see how dissolved CO2, carbaminohemoglobin, and bicarbonate contributions change, and watch the chloride shift animate between red blood cell and plasma.
Carbonic anhydrase is one of the fastest enzymes known, capable of catalyzing roughly a million reactions per second, which is why the bicarbonate pathway can handle 70 percent of CO2 transport almost instantaneously inside red blood cells.