This simulator visually demonstrates the chloride shift in action, showing carbon dioxide entering red blood cells, its conversion to bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase, the band 3 antiporter exchanging bicarbonate for chloride, and hemoglobin buffering hydrogen ions in tissue capillaries versus the reverse process in the lungs.
Toggle between the tissue capillary and lung capillary environments to watch the exchange run forward or in reverse, and use the step controls to follow each ion and molecule through carbonic anhydrase, the band 3 transporter, and hemoglobin binding.
Switch between tissue and lung modes and step through each stage of the exchange to see carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, chloride, and hydrogen ions move in real time.
Did you know that because of the chloride shift, venous blood plasma actually has a slightly different chloride concentration than arterial blood plasma, a real and measurable difference used in clinical blood chemistry interpretation.
This simulator visually demonstrates the chloride shift in action, showing carbon dioxide entering red blood cells, its conversion to bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase, the band 3 antiporter exchanging bicarbonate for chloride, and hemoglobin buffering hydrogen ions in tissue capillaries versus the reverse process in the lungs.
This simulator visually demonstrates the chloride shift in action, showing carbon dioxide entering red blood cells, its conversion to bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase, the band 3 antiporter exchanging bicarbonate for chloride, and hemoglobin buffering hydrogen ions in tissue capillaries versus the reverse process in the lungs.
Toggle between the tissue capillary and lung capillary environments to watch the exchange run forward or in reverse, and use the step controls to follow each ion and molecule through carbonic anhydrase, the band 3 transporter, and hemoglobin binding.
Did you know that because of the chloride shift, venous blood plasma actually has a slightly different chloride concentration than arterial blood plasma, a real and measurable difference used in clinical blood chemistry interpretation.