Biomarker-Adaptive Tumor Dosing Digital Twin

Dosing Strategy

Base dose 150 mg

Dosing interval 3.0 d

Toxicity threshold 18 mg/L

Digital Twin Status

Day 0.0 — awaiting first dose

Plasma conc. C

0.0 mg/L

Tumor volume V

10.0 cm³

Elapsed time

0.0 d

Doses skipped

How it works

The twin couples a one-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model of the drug to a Gompertzian pharmacodynamic (PD) model of the tumor it is meant to shrink:

PK (between doses): dC/dt = -k_e · C
Dose event:          C → C + Dose / V_d
PD (tumor growth):   dV/dt = r·V·ln(V_max/V) - [E_max·C/(EC50+C)]·V

C is plasma drug concentration, V is tumor volume, k_e is the elimination rate constant, V_d the volume of distribution, r the intrinsic growth rate, V_max the carrying-capacity volume, and the bracketed Emax term is the concentration-dependent kill rate (higher C kills tumor cells faster, saturating past EC50).

Fixed standard schedule — the dose is administered on a strict timer regardless of how much drug is already in the blood, which can let C run well past the toxicity threshold.
Biomarker-adaptive — before each scheduled dose the twin checks the live plasma-concentration biomarker; if C is still above your toxicity threshold, that dose is skipped until the drug has cleared, trading a slightly slower kill rate for staying inside a safe exposure window.
The toxicity badge and the color of the tumor-cell cluster track C in real time: blue-green while C is under threshold, red once it crosses it.

This is the core idea behind closed-loop personalized dosing in oncology: instead of one dose for every patient, the treatment plan reacts to that patient's own measured biomarker trajectory.

SAFE

Tumor cell cluster Drug exposure halo

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