Cytology Slide: Nuclear Atypia Grader

Cytomorphology Controls

Nuclear : cytoplasmic ratio 0.30

Hyperchromasia (chromatin staining) 20%

Nuclear pleomorphism 15%

Mitotic index 5%

Live Reading

Normal / Benign

Uniform small nuclei, abundant cytoplasm.

Atypia score

0.0

Mean N:C ratio

0.30

Atypical cells

0 / 150

Mitoses seen

How it works

Diagnostic cytology (the reading of a Pap smear or a fine-needle-aspiration slide) grades every cell by four visual criteria — the same ones behind the Bethesda System for cervical cytology:

N:C ratio  = nucleus area / cytoplasm area
Atypia score S = 100 · clamp01(
    0.40·(NC - 0.30)/0.60
  + 0.25·hyperchromasia
  + 0.25·pleomorphism
  + 0.10·mitotic_index )

Each of the 150 cells on the slide gets its own N:C ratio and chromatin darkness sampled around your sliders (pleomorphism widens that spread — real dysplastic cells vary wildly from one another, not just from normal). The mean score maps to a Bethesda-style category:

S < 20 — Normal / benign: small dark nucleus, generous pale cytoplasm.
20 ≤ S < 40 — ASC-US: mild, non-specific atypia.
40 ≤ S < 60 — LSIL: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, nucleus roughly doubled.
60 ≤ S < 80 — HSIL: high-grade lesion, nucleus dominates the cell, coarse chromatin.
S ≥ 80 — Suspicious for malignancy: markedly enlarged, irregular, hyperchromatic nuclei and frequent mitoses — the pattern a cytologist sends for urgent biopsy.

Real-world relevance: this is exactly what a cytopathologist scans for under the microscope on a cervical Pap smear or a fine-needle aspirate of a lung/thyroid/breast mass — nuclear enlargement, irregular contour, hyperchromasia and mitotic activity are the core criteria used to flag a specimen for biopsy confirmation.

Cytoplasm Nucleus (chromatin) Mitotic figure

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