Stem Cell Bioreactor: Growth Factor & Temperature Control

Culture Conditions

Differentiation growth factor 30%

Incubation temperature 37.0°C

Impeller agitation 80 rpm

Nutrient feed rate 60%

Culture Status

Live cells

Therapeutic yield

Viability

100%

Undifferentiated stem cells

Committing to lineage

Differentiated (therapeutic)

How it works

Each cell in the tank is an independent agent that, on every simulated tick, may divide, commit to a lineage, or die — with probabilities set by the current culture conditions:

P(divide)  = clamp( μ· f(T) · g(feed,rpm) · (1 − N/K) · dt, 0, 1 )
P(commit)  = clamp( δ · (GF/100)^1.5 · dt, 0, 1 )
P(death)   = base + shear(rpm) + thermal(T)

f(T)      = exp( −((T−37)/2.5)² )        Gaussian around 37°C
g(feed,rpm)= (0.3+0.7·feed/100) · mix(rpm)   nutrient & mixing supply
shear(rpm) = max(0, rpm−90) · k_shear    mechanical stress above ~90 rpm
thermal(T) = max(0, |T−37|−3) · k_T    stress once >3°C off-target

Growth factor — the fraction of induction signal that drives a stem cell to exit self-renewal and commit to the target lineage (orange). Push it up for yield, but every committed cell stops dividing, so pushing it too high early starves total output.
Temperature — 37°C is the optimum for both proliferation and survival; drifting either warmer or colder trims growth and, past a few degrees, starts killing cells.
Agitation — moderate stirring keeps oxygen and nutrients mixed through the tank; too little starves the culture, too much shears cells apart mechanically.
Feed rate — nutrient supply that scales the achievable growth rate and the tank's effective carrying capacity K.

Real-world relevance: this is the same trade-off run by every stem-cell therapy manufacturing team — a bioreactor protocol must expand enough cells (proliferation) while pushing a high-enough fraction into the therapeutic phenotype (differentiation) without losing the batch to thermal or shear stress.

Stem Committing Differentiated

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