The simulation shows how falling mTOR activity under starvation conditions activates the ULK1 complex, driving phagophore membrane growth around damaged cargo and its subsequent fusion with a lysosome to complete degradation.
Use the starvation signal slider to lower mTOR activity and watch autophagosome formation accelerate, then follow an individual vesicle as it engulfs cargo and fuses with a lysosome in the rotatable 3D scene.
Slider for starvation signal strength, with a rotatable 3D view of autophagosome formation and lysosomal fusion
Yoshinori Ohsumi won the 2016 Nobel Prize for identifying most of the core autophagy genes using simple baker's yeast, machinery later found to be conserved almost unchanged in human cells.
The simulation shows how falling mTOR activity under starvation conditions activates the ULK1 complex, driving phagophore membrane growth around damaged cargo and its subsequent fusion with a lysosome to complete degradation.
The simulation shows how falling mTOR activity under starvation conditions activates the ULK1 complex, driving phagophore membrane growth around damaged cargo and its subsequent fusion with a lysosome to complete degradation.
Use the starvation signal slider to lower mTOR activity and watch autophagosome formation accelerate, then follow an individual vesicle as it engulfs cargo and fuses with a lysosome in the rotatable 3D scene.
Yoshinori Ohsumi won the 2016 Nobel Prize for identifying most of the core autophagy genes using simple baker's yeast, machinery later found to be conserved almost unchanged in human cells.