Monte Carlo Potts-model grain boundary migration — curvature-driven coarsening of a polycrystalline microstructure
Zero-temperature Q-state Potts model on an N₀-seed Voronoi lattice: each Monte Carlo step reduces local grain-boundary curvature energy, so small high-curvature grains shrink and vanish while larger grains grow — reproducing the parabolic law d̄² − d₀² = K·t.