Torricelli: v = √(2gh), with gravity g = 9.81 m/s² and head h measured above the channel sill.

Discharge: Q = Cd A √(2gh). This instrument uses a rectangular opening 3.0 m wide × 0.60 m high (A = 1.80 m²) and discharge coefficient C_d = 0.62.

Hydraulic power scale: P = ρgQh, with water density ρ = 1000 kg/m³. This is an idealised potential-energy rate, not useful turbine output.

Assumptions: steady incompressible flow, a sharp-edged opening, negligible downstream velocity and no pipe/friction losses beyond C_d. Tides, wave setup, channel geometry and backwater are simplified; live values are an educational estimate, not a forecast or navigation aid.