Minimal and Mesangial Lupus Nephritis
Placeholder: earliest classes show mild mesangial deposition only.
- Mesangium: Deposit site (Placeholder text)
- None/mild: Proliferation (Placeholder text)
- Observation: Typical therapy (Placeholder text)
- Excellent: Prognosis (Placeholder text)
Histology overview
Placeholder sentence describing class I-II findings briefly.
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Focal and Diffuse Proliferative Nephritis
Placeholder: proliferative classes drive most severe renal injury.
- <50% / ≥50%: Loops involved (Placeholder text)
- Common: Crescents (Placeholder text)
- Cyclophosphamide: Typical therapy (Placeholder text)
- Guarded: Prognosis (Placeholder text)
Histology overview
Placeholder sentence describing class III-IV findings briefly.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Membranous Lupus Nephropathy
Placeholder: subepithelial deposits create characteristic GBM spikes.
- Subepithelial: Deposit site (Placeholder text)
- Nephrotic range: Presentation (Placeholder text)
- Mycophenolate: Typical therapy (Placeholder text)
- Variable: Prognosis (Placeholder text)
Histology overview
Placeholder sentence describing class V findings briefly.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Advanced Sclerosing Lupus Nephritis
Placeholder: irreversible global sclerosis of glomeruli.
- ≥90% globally: Sclerosis (Placeholder text)
- Often ESRD: Function (Placeholder text)
- Supportive/RRT: Typical therapy (Placeholder text)
- Poor: Prognosis (Placeholder text)
Histology overview
Placeholder sentence describing class VI findings briefly.
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Immunosuppressive Therapy by Class
Placeholder: drug choice follows biopsy class and activity index.
- Class III–V: Mycophenolate (Placeholder text)
- Class III–IV severe: Cyclophosphamide (Placeholder text)
- Adjunct all classes: Steroids (Placeholder text)
- Transplant workup: Class VI (Placeholder text)
Therapy overview
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Placeholder key insight sentence.