Lysosomal Alkalinization and Immune Dampening
Placeholder: HCQ raises lysosomal pH, blunting antigen presentation.
- Lysosome: Target organelle (placeholder note)
- ~40 days: Half-life (placeholder note)
- TLR7/9: TLR pathway (placeholder note)
- 2–3 mo: Onset (placeholder note)
Mechanism overview
Placeholder: brief mechanism summary sentence.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Standard-of-Care Role in Lupus Management
Placeholder: HCQ is recommended for nearly all lupus patients long-term.
- First-line: Guideline status (placeholder note)
- ~50%: Flare reduction (placeholder note)
- Yes: Survival benefit (placeholder note)
- ≤5 mg/kg: Typical dose (placeholder note)
Clinical role
Placeholder: short clinical role summary.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Melanin Binding and Long-Term Tissue Accumulation
Placeholder: drug slowly accumulates bound to melanin-rich tissue.
- >5 yrs: Risk threshold (placeholder note)
- >1000 g: Cumulative flag (placeholder note)
- Melanin: Binding site (placeholder note)
- Renal/hepatic: Clearance (placeholder note)
Accumulation dynamics
Placeholder: short accumulation summary.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Bullseye Maculopathy and Photoreceptor Damage
Placeholder: parafoveal cones degenerate forming a ring lesion.
- ~2%: Prevalence >10 yrs (placeholder note)
- Bullseye: Pattern (placeholder note)
- No: Reversible? (placeholder note)
- Dose/duration: Key risk factor (placeholder note)
Toxicity pattern
Placeholder: short toxicity pattern summary.
Placeholder key insight sentence.
Annual OCT and Visual Field Monitoring
Placeholder: annual screening detects early asymptomatic damage.
- Year 0: Baseline exam (placeholder note)
- Year 5: Annual start (placeholder note)
- SD-OCT: Key test (placeholder note)
- 10-2 VF: Secondary test (placeholder note)
Screening protocol
Placeholder: short screening protocol summary.
Placeholder key insight sentence.