{
  "model": "DNIPRO VODOKHID VP-24",
  "mechanism": "undershot waterwheel -> bull gear -> pinion -> cranks -> connecting rods -> twin piston pumps",
  "concept_only": true,
  "unit_system": "SI",
  "units": {
    "length": "m",
    "flow": "m^3/s",
    "power": "W",
    "angular_velocity": "rad/s"
  },
  "power_transmission": {
    "wheel_radius_m": 4.2,
    "wheel_blades": 24,
    "wheel_spoke_frames": 16,
    "wheel_axis_world": [
      -5,
      5.2,
      0
    ],
    "wheel_efficiency": 0.43,
    "bull_gear_teeth": 72,
    "pinion_teeth": 24,
    "gear_center_distance_m": 3.0,
    "gear_efficiency": 0.83,
    "driven_shaft_axis_world": [
      -2,
      5.2,
      0
    ],
    "driven_speed_ratio": -3.0
  },
  "pump": {
    "cylinders": 2,
    "piston_bore_m": 0.5,
    "crank_radius_m": 0.73,
    "stroke_m": 1.46,
    "connecting_rod_length_m": 5.4,
    "volumetric_efficiency": 0.82,
    "hydraulic_efficiency": 0.72,
    "design_delivery_head_m": 8.0,
    "crank_phases_degrees": [
      0,
      180
    ],
    "crosshead_y_m": 5.2,
    "piston_planes_z_m": [
      4.7,
      6.5
    ]
  },
  "operating_inputs": {
    "flow_range_m3s": [
      0,
      4
    ],
    "head_range_m": [
      0.3,
      2.5
    ],
    "delivery_lift_range_m": [
      3,
      18
    ]
  },
  "simplified_physics": {
    "gross_power_W": "rho*g*Q_stream*effective_head",
    "wheel_mechanical_W": "gross_power_W*0.43",
    "transmission_W": "wheel_mechanical_W*0.83",
    "wheel_unloaded_angular_speed_rad_s": "0.33*sqrt(2*g*head)/wheel_radius*min(1,stream_flow/0.8)",
    "pinion_angle_rad": "-3*wheel_angle_rad",
    "crank_pin_x": "-2 + 0.73*cos(crank_angle)",
    "crank_pin_y": "5.2 + 0.73*sin(crank_angle)",
    "crosshead_x": "crank_pin_x + sqrt(5.4^2 - (crank_pin_y-5.2)^2)",
    "rod_orientation_rad": "atan2(5.2-crank_pin_y,crosshead_x-crank_pin_x)",
    "piston_displacement_m3_per_rev": "pi*(0.5^2)/4*1.46*2",
    "ideal_delivery_m3s": "piston_displacement_m3_per_rev*shaft_rpm/60*0.82",
    "energy_limited_delivery_m3s": "transmission_W*0.72/(rho*g*delivery_lift)",
    "actual_delivery_m3s": "min(ideal_delivery,energy_limited_delivery)",
    "governor": "proportional slowdown of wheel & crankshaft under insufficient transmission power"
  },
  "animation_nodes": [
    "ROTOR_MAIN_WATERWHEEL",
    "ROTOR_BULL_GEAR",
    "ROTOR_PINION_CRANK_SHAFT",
    "SLIDER_PUMP_A",
    "SLIDER_PUMP_B",
    "ROD_CONNECT_A",
    "ROD_CONNECT_B"
  ],
  "stationary_nodes": [
    "civil_flume",
    "bearing_plinth",
    "pump_hall",
    "suction_pipes",
    "delivery_pipes"
  ],
  "not_simulated": [
    "CFD",
    "wave dynamics",
    "pressure pulsation",
    "cavitation",
    "bearing fatigue",
    "flood loads",
    "valve transient dynamics"
  ],
  "reference_technical_context": [
    "https://www.fao.org/4/ah810e/AH810E06.htm",
    "https://www.energy.gov/documents/28assessingresourcespdf"
  ]
}