Visualise hydrogen atom electron orbitals as 3D probability clouds. Select quantum numbers (n, l, m) to see s, p, d and f orbital shapes — the fundamental building blocks of chemistry.
The hydrogen wavefunction ψ(n,l,m) is computed from spherical harmonics and radial functions. Point density represents |ψ|² — the probability of finding the electron.
Select quantum numbers n (1-4), l (0 to n-1) and m (-l to l). Watch the orbital shape change. Rotate to view from different angles.
Electron orbitals explain the periodic table's structure. The s, p, d, f naming comes from spectroscopic observations: sharp, principal, diffuse, fundamental — terms from the 1890s.